Laser-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esthetic Crown Lengthening Using Flapless vs. Tunneled Flap Approach

Crown lengthening surgery is one of the most commonly performed periodontal procedures. Multiple techniques have been used throughout the years to overcome the postoperative pain and adverse outcomes that may be associated with surgical crown lengthening. One of the most popular choices among clinicians is using different types of lasers in different techniques to overcome those adverse effects. Treatment effectiveness can be monitored non-invasively through salivary levels of Leukocyte Esterase enzyme and the stability clinical outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with an excessive gingival display of at least 3 mm 2. Age \>21 years 3. At least six anterior maxillary teeth requiring ECL 4. Healthy periodontal status, indicated by a full-mouth plaque index and bleeding on probing index scores of \