Load-Matched Unilateral Versus Bilateral Squat Training in Elite Youth Futsal Players

This randomised controlled trial compared the effects of two load-matched squat training modalities on physical performance in elite youth futsal players. Seventeen players from the Antioqueña regional futsal squad in Colombia were randomly allocated to either a unilateral squat training group or a bilateral squat training group. Both groups completed a six-week velocity-based training programme, with two supervised sessions per week, while continuing their usual futsal training. Training intensity was prescribed using mean propulsive velocity targets across three two-week blocks. The main outcomes were countermovement jump height, single-leg countermovement jump height for the right and left limbs, 10-metre sprint time, and estimated squat one-repetition maximum. Secondary descriptive data included 20-metre sprint time. The study aimed to determine whether unilateral squat training produced superior adaptations compared with bilateral squat training when training load was objectively standardised.

Inclusion Criteria: * Competitive futsal experience of at least two years. * Affiliation with the Antioqueña regional futsal squad. * Technical proficiency in bilateral squat and single-leg squat execution, verified by an accredited specialist. * No musculoskeletal injury during the three months before enrolment. * No pharmacological, ergogenic, or supplementary intervention likely to influence physical performance. * Exclusive participation in standard futsal training during the intervention period. * Written informed assent from the participant and written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian when required by age. Exclusion Criteria * Musculoskeletal injury during the three months before enrolment. * Inability to perform bilateral or single-leg squat exercises with acceptable technique. * Participation in another structured lower-limb strength training programme during the study period. * Use of pharmacological, ergogenic, or supplementary interventions likely to affect performance. * Failure to complete baseline testing, the training intervention, or post-intervention testing. * Withdrawal of participant assent or parental/legal guardian consent.