Triple-Scan Protocol to Assess Passivity

Quantification and visualization the internal and marginal gaps by newer digital methods, such as the triple-scan protocol described by Borga Dönmez et al. (2024), employing 3D analysis software, offering a more objective and reproducible assessment.

Inclusion Criteria: Reduced patient satisfaction regarding the stability and retention of conventional mandibular dentures due to mandibular ridge atrophy. Completely edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches for at least 1 year. Sufficient bone volume for placement of four mandibular implants without the need for bone grafting. Age between 45 and 64 years. Ability and willingness to provide informed consent and comply with study procedures. Exclusion Criteria: Current smoking habit. Bone metabolic diseases that may affect osseointegration. History of radiotherapy to the head and neck region within the previous 3 years. Systemic conditions or medications that could compromise implant healing. Inability to attend follow-up visits or comply with study requirements.