ESP Block vs. EXORA Block for Postoperative Pain in Nephrectomy

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effects of two pain control techniques used after laparoscopic nephrectomy (kidney removal surgery) in adults. The study will compare Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block and External Oblique Rectus Abdominis (EXORA) block, which are both used as part of routine medical care to help control pain after surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do ESP block and EXORA block differ in how well they control pain after surgery? Do ESP block and EXORA block differ in their effects on recovery quality and the need for additional pain medication? Researchers will compare participants who receive ESP block with participants who receive EXORA block as part of routine clinical care. Participants will: Undergo laparoscopic nephrectomy according to routine clinical practice. Receive either ESP block or EXORA block based on the treating anesthesiologist's usual clinical preference. Complete a recovery questionnaire before surgery and 24 hours after surgery. Have pain scores, use of additional pain medication, nausea and vomiting, and other routine postoperative measurements recorded during the first 24 hours after surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 80 years * Patients scheduled for laparoscopic nephrectomy * Patients for whom Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block or External Oblique Rectus Abdominis (EXORA) block has been selected by the treating clinician * ASA physical status I-III Exclusion Criteria: * No regional block performed in routine clinical practice * Body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m² * History of opioid dependence * Alcohol or other substance dependence * Psychiatric disease, mental retardation, dementia, or any condition impairing pain perception or pain assessment