Virtual Reality-based Rehabilitation for Traumatic Hand and Wrist Injuries

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR)-based Action Observation Therapy (AOT) as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation in patients with traumatic wrist and hand injuries. Participants will receive standard rehabilitation treatment, and the intervention group will additionally undergo a six-week VR program involving observation and execution of functional hand and wrist movements. Outcomes related to hand function, grip strength, pain, proprioception, disability, and psychological factors will be assessed to determine the potential benefits of incorporating VR into rehabilitation programs.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 years or older. * Diagnosis of a traumatic wrist and/or hand injury. * Referred for rehabilitation treatment at the participating hand therapy unit. * Ability to understand study procedures and provide written informed consent. * Ability to participate in the virtual reality intervention. Exclusion Criteria: * Previous injury affecting the same hand. * Associated upper-limb conditions, including tenosynovitis or Dupuytren's disease. * Previous surgery involving the affected hand before the current traumatic injury. * Corticosteroid or other therapeutic injection in the affected hand within the previous 3 weeks. * Any physical, neurological, visual, vestibular, or medical condition that prevents safe use of the virtual reality device. * Inability to comply with the study procedures or assessments.