CBT, Breathing Exercises, and Psychoeducation on Tinnitus-Related Distress

Tinnitus is the perception of sound, such as ringing or buzzing, without any external source. It is common and can cause significant distress, including anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and reduced quality of life. Because there is currently no cure for tinnitus, treatment focuses on lowering the distress it causes and helping people cope. This study compared three different non-drug approaches to managing tinnitus-related distress: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a structured psychological treatment that helps people change unhelpful thoughts and reactions related to their tinnitus A breathing exercise (the 4-7-8 technique), a relaxation method intended to reduce stress Psychoeducation, which provides information to help people better understand their tinnitus Seventy adults with subjective tinnitus, aged 18 to 65, were randomly assigned to one of these three groups. Participants in each group received their assigned approach over a period of several weeks. The main goal was to see how much each approach reduced the impact of tinnitus on daily life, measured with a standard questionnaire called the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. The study also looked at changes in anxiety and depression. Participants were assessed before treatment, after treatment, and again at 1 month and 6 months. The purpose of this study was to better understand which of these approaches may be most helpful for reducing tinnitus-related distress.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 65 years * Diagnosis of subjective tinnitus * Ability to read and complete questionnaires * Voluntary participation Exclusion Criteria: * Delirium, dementia, intellectual disability, or other organic mental disorders * Current psychiatric disorder according to DSM-5 criteria * History of alcohol or substance use disorder * Illiteracy * Abnormal otoscopic findings * History of otologic surgery * Otologic or vestibular disorders (e.g., otosclerosis, Meniere's disease) * Use of hearing aids * History of hearing loss * Respiratory diseases requiring ongoing treatment