HFNO Flow Rates and Cerebral Oxygenation During Deep Sedation for Cystoscopy

For Patients and Families This study aims to investigate how high-flow oxygen therapy affects oxygen levels, especially brain oxygenation, during cystoscopy procedures performed under sedation. The goal is to improve patient safety and comfort by ensuring better oxygen delivery during the procedure. Different oxygen flow rates will be compared, while patients' breathing, oxygen levels, and vital signs are continuously monitored throughout the procedure. All methods used in the study are consistent with routine anesthesia practices, and patient safety remains the highest priority. For Healthcare Professionals This prospective randomized controlled study evaluates the effects of different high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) flow rates on cerebral oxygenation, peripheral oxygenation, and ventilation parameters in patients undergoing cystoscopy under procedural sedation. The primary aim is to determine the contribution of HFNO to sedation safety and to provide clinical evidence regarding the optimal flow rate. In addition, hypoxemia incidence, airway intervention requirements, hemodynamic variables, and sedation depth are being analyzed.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years * Scheduled to undergo elective cystoscopy under procedural sedation in an operating room setting * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I-III * Ability to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Known neurological disorders * History of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke * Peripheral artery disease * Vasculitis * Severe heart failure * Uncontrolled hypertension * Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus * Advanced-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * Severe anemia (hemoglobin \