Drainless Thyroidectomy by the Sutureless Technique for Benign Thyroid Diseases

This randomized controlled trial evaluates the safety and feasibility of drainless thyroid surgery for benign thyroid diseases using a sutureless hemostatic technique. Patients undergoing thyroidectomy are randomized to either drainless surgery or surgery with drain placement. The study compares postoperative outcomes, including complications, pain, hospital stay, and need for reintervention.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adult patients (≥18 years) 2. Benign thyroid disease confirmed by: clinical assessment, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (Bethesda II) 3. Indicated for elective hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy 4. Euthyroid or adequately controlled thyroid function Exclusion Criteria: * Thyroid malignancy or indeterminate cytology * Re-operative thyroid surgery * Retrosternal goiter * Coagulation disorders * Patients on anticoagulation that could not be safely discontinued * Concomitant neck surgery * Severe uncontrolled systemic illness (ASA IV or higher)