Outcomes of Conventional Root Canal Treatment Compared to Regenerative Endodontics, and Cleaning and Shaping Only in Mature Upper First Premolars

It was to compare clinically between the success of the primary endodontic treatment, regeneration, and only cleaning and shaping in necrotic mature first premolars with apical periodontitis

Inclusion Criteria: * Age: 20-50 years * Medically free * The patient should have the upper first premolar that needs endodontic treatment with apical periodontitis * Necrotic teeth * Participants were willing to commit to the entire period of the trial and agreed to sign the written consent after a full explanation of the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis * If the premolar is non restorable * If the premolar will need a post and core * Vertical root fracture * Open apex * Presence of any systemic disease or allergic reactions. * Vulnerable group; prisoners, pregnant females, mentally ill, etc…