The Quadro-Iliac Plane (QIP) Block in Hip Surgery

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effectiveness of different locoregional anesthesia techniques, particularly the Quadro-Iliac Plane (QIP) block, in patients undergoing hip surgery, including arthroplasty. The main question it aims to answer is: Does the QIP block improve postoperative recovery and pain control compared to other routinely used locoregional anesthesia techniques in patients undergoing hip surgery? Participants undergoing hip surgery as part of their standard clinical care will receive one of the locoregional anesthesia techniques already in use at the hospital (including QIP block, fascia iliaca block, PENG block, or others, according to anesthesiologist choice). Postoperative outcomes will be collected prospectively, including quality of recovery (QoR-15 at 24 hours), pain scores at rest and during movement at predefined time points up to 48 hours, analgesic consumption, time to first analgesic request, time to mobilization, and occurrence of complications.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * Patients undergoing hip surgery, either elective or for a proximal femoral fracture * Expected postoperative hospital stay ≥ 24 hours * ASA physical status I-III * Neuraxial and/or locoregional anesthesia according to standard clinical practice * Provision of informed consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Absence of informed consent * Contraindications to locoregional and/or spinal anesthesia * Allergy to local anesthetic agents * Cognitive impairment preventing reliable assessment of outcomes * Coagulation disorders and/or platelet abnormalities * Antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy that contraindicates spinal anesthesia * Presence of localized infection or sepsis at the sites to be treated