Blood Viscosity and Outcomes After Elective Craniotomy

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the association between intraoperative blood viscosity and postoperative clinical outcomes in adult patients undergoing elective intracranial craniotomy. Blood viscosity is an important determinant of microcirculatory flow and cerebral perfusion, but its role in perioperative outcomes remains unclear. In this study, intraoperative blood viscosity and related hematologic parameters will be measured, and their relationships with cerebral oxygenation and postoperative complications will be analyzed. The study will enroll adult patients undergoing elective intracranial surgery at a single tertiary center. The findings of this study may improve understanding of perioperative hemodynamic and hemorheological factors and help identify potential risk markers for adverse postoperative outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 80 years * Patients scheduled to undergo elective intracranial craniotomy * Patients requiring intraoperative arterial catheterization and routine arterial blood gas analysis * Patients who provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Emergency surgery * Patients in whom participation or follow-up is considered difficult by the investigator * Patients unable to provide informed consent