Dynamic SvO2 in Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Septic Shock

This prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study investigates the efficacy of dynamic central venous oxygen saturation in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic shock, compared to measurements obtained using echocardiography (VTI) and cardiometry. We will correlate the changes in measuring cardiac output by both echocardiography and cardiometry with the changes in dynamic central venous oxygen saturation both at baseline and after fluid challenge to investigate the efficacy of dynamic central venous oxygen saturation in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic shock.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \> 18 years * Diagnosis of septic shock according to Sepsis-3 criteria: Suspected or confirmed infection o Requirement for vasopressors to maintain MAP \> 65 mmHg o Serum lactate \> 2 mmol/L despite adequate fluid resuscitation Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy * Significant valvular heart disease. * Atrial fibrillation. * Inadequate echocardiographic window. * Ongoing bleeding or contraindication to fluid bolus.