The Effect of a Stress Ball Applied Before Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery

This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of a stress ball applied before retrograde intrarenal surgery on patients' anxiety levels, surgical fear, and hemodynamic parameters.

Inclusion Criteria: Patients to be included in the study are those who: * Are scheduled to undergo Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS), * Are 18 years of age or older, * Are conscious and cooperative, * Speak and understand Turkish, * Have stable general condition and hemodynamic parameters, * Are scheduled for an elective surgical procedure, * Have no psychiatric diagnosis, * Are not using psychiatric and/or local neuromuscular blocking medications, * Provide informed consent to participate in the study (have signed the Informed Consent Form). Exclusion Criteria: Patients who will not be included in the study are those who: * Are under 18 years of age, * Are not conscious or cooperative, * Do not speak or understand Turkish, * Have unstable general condition or hemodynamic parameters, * Are undergoing emergency surgical procedures, * Have an existing psychiatric diagnosis, * Are using psychiatric and/or local neuromuscular blocking medications, * Do not consent to participate in the study (have not signed the Informed Consent Form).