Dyadic Management Intervention in Older People With Co-occurring Cognitive Impairment and Diabetes as a Supplementary Approach to Chronic Diseases Self-Management Program

The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a dyadic management of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) for older adults with co-occurring cognitive impairment and diabetes with the involvement of caregivers. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the intervention improve diabetes self-management and cognitive function in older adults? * How is the implementation of the intervention in real-world settings? Participants will: * Attend weekly CDSMP session over a 6-week period (2.5-hour per session). * Provide feedback on their experience with the intervention through interviews and surveys.

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals with DM aged \>= 55 years old; * Recent glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or above without change in diabetes medication within the last 3 months based on centre's records; * Subjective cognitive decline (using SCDQ21) (separately reported by the patient and/or caregiver) and confirmed by MOCA (Chinese version) screened by the research nurses; * Subjects with nominated primary caregivers will be recruited in the intervention group; * For caregivers: they will be considered in the project if they have been the primary caregiver for the person for at least 1 year and are providing or involved in the patient's care on a daily basis. Exclusion Criteria: * Medical diagnoses of dementia; * Those who have terminal illness; * For caregivers: those who are temporary caregivers and have only provided/involved in care for less than a year.