Supervised Endoscopic Tele-controlled Intelligent Lithotripsy

This is a phase I feasibility study to investigate the use of a novel intelligent robotic retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) platform. The TaloStone T1000 RIRS system can manipulate the flexible ureteroscope, with remote control of the instruments (laser fibre or basket) and ureteral access sheath movements. Beyond teleoperation, the TaloStone T1000 RIRS system integrates AI perception models and decision-making algorithms to enable the supervised autonomous execution of critical tasks within the RIRS workflow.

Inclusion criteria 1. Adult patients \>18 years old 2. Renal stone(s) less than 1cm 2cm in maximal length 3. Clinically indicated for RIRS 4. Willingness to participate as demonstrated by giving informed consent Exclusion criteria 1. Patients with no preoperative CT imaging available 2. Patients who are not recommended to receive RIRS 3. Severe concomitant illness that drastically shortens life expectancy or increases risk of therapeutic intervention 4. Untreated active infection 5. Un-corrected coagulopathy 6. Presence of another malignancy or distant metastasis 7. Emergency surgery 8. Vulnerable population (e.g. mentally disabled, pregnant)