Effect of Interactive Video-Based Self-Management Education in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive video-based self-management education program for adults with type 2 diabetes. The education program is designed to support individuals in managing their daily diabetes care and improving their blood glucose control. Participants in this study will be adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who are receiving outpatient care. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. Participants in the intervention group will receive an interactive video-based education program developed according to the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors framework. The videos are based on real-life scenarios and encourage active participation and decision-making. Participants in the control group will receive standard diabetes care. The study will assess changes in blood glucose control, diabetes self-management behaviors, and empowerment levels over the study period. Data will be collected using clinical measurements and questionnaires. Participation in this study is voluntary. The results of this study may contribute to improving diabetes education practices and supporting patient-centered care in clinical settings.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged between 18 and 65 years (Mumcu \& İnkaya, 2022). * Able to read, write, understand, and speak Turkish. * Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year (Onyia et al., 2023; Shahshahani et al., 2023). * Receiving oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin therapy (Mikhael et al., 2019). * Having an HbA1c level \>7% in at least one measurement within the last 3 months (Hu et al., 2023; Lee et al., 2020; Asmat et al., 2023; TEMD, 2024). * Volunteering to participate in the study. * Owning a personal device (e.g., smartphone) capable of playing interactive videos. * Having the ability to use a smartphone capable of playing interactive videos, which will be assessed by observing the participant using an interactive video -not related to the study intervention. * Owning a smartphone with an active internet data plan. * Being able to attend scheduled follow-up visits at the frequency required for study measurements. * Having a body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 kg/m² (Lee et al., 2022). * Not following a vegan or vegetarian diet (Dening et al., 2023). * Having hemoglobin levels within normal ranges (women: 12-16 g/dL; men: 14-18 g/dL) (Billett, 1990). Exclusion Criteria: * Having previously received video-based diabetes education. * Currently using or having previously used a video-based tool or program supporting type 2 diabetes management. * Having severe visual, auditory, cognitive impairments, or physical disabilities that may interfere with participation. * Being hospitalized as an inpatient during the intervention period. * Being pregnant, planning pregnancy within the next 6 months, or becoming pregnant during the study. * Breastfeeding during the study period (due to potential dietary restrictions). * Using any weight-loss medication or supportive pharmacological agent. * Having a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia or being diagnosed during the study period (TEMD, 2024, p.18; Eyth et al., 2025). * Receiving hemodialysis, having experienced recent bleeding or blood transfusion, or receiving erythropoietin therapy (TEMD, 2024, p.18; Eyth et al., 2025). * Having a diagnosed psychiatric disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia). * Participating in another diabetes-related intervention or program during the study period. * Using an insulin pump (Lee et al., 2022). * Managing diabetes with nutrition therapy alone without pharmacological treatment. * Following a diet prescribed and supervised by a dietitian due to another medical condition or surgical procedure.