Post-Caesarean Pranayama and Pain

This study aims to investigate the effect of pranayama breathing exercises on postoperative pain and postpartum comfort levels in women following caesarean section, with the objective of providing important evidence for the integration of non-pharmacological methods into postpartum care.

Inclusion Criteria: * Undergone a caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia * Reported a post-operative pain level of at least 4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) * Knowledge of Turkish * Ability to communicate effectively with the research team * Volunteer to participate in the study and provide written consent Exclusion Criteria: * Having given birth by emergency caesarean section * Presence of pregnancy complications (e.g. pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta praevia) * History of chronic pain or analgesic dependence * Requirement for admission to the intensive care unit in the early postoperative period * Need for additional surgical intervention * Development of significant intraoperative or postoperative complications * Refusal to exercise or intolerance to exercise * Failure to comply with study procedures * Withdrawal of consent * Incomplete follow-up * Development of a new medical condition during the study that could affect the results