Target-Controlled Infusion (TCI) vs Inhalational Anesthesia in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)

This study is designed as a prospective observational cohort to evaluate recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). In our clinic, anesthesia for VATS is commonly provided either with target-controlled infusion (TCI) or with inhalational agents, depending on the routine practice of the anesthesiologist. No randomization or additional intervention will be performed. During the study period, patients who receive either method as part of standard care will be followed, and perioperative and postoperative data will be recorded. Awakening time, extubation time, Aldrete score progression, pain levels, and early postoperative complications will be compared between the two groups. The aim is to better understand how these widely used anesthesia techniques may influence recovery in VATS patients and to support future clinical decision-making.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 65 years Patients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) ASA physical status I-III Able to provide informed consent Planned postoperative recovery in PACU and surgical ward Exclusion Criteria: * ASA IV or higher Hemodynamic or respiratory instability before surgery Known allergy or contraindication to commonly used anesthetic agents Neurological or psychiatric conditions that may interfere with recovery assessment Emergency surgeries Patients who decline participation