Accelerated Pacing and Cardiac Filling Pressures During Exercise in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

What is HFpEF? In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the heart pumps well but struggles to relax and fill with blood between beats. This raises the pressure inside the heart, especially during physical activity, causing symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue - even with light activities like walking or climbing stairs. What is this study about? Recent research suggests that a higher heart rate may help lower this elevated pressure. Many HFpEF patients already have a pacemaker. This study investigates whether simply increasing the pacemaker rate during light exercise can reduce the pressure in the heart. How does the study work? We wille measure heart pressures in 20 patients in rest and while cycling using a heart catheter and monitor their breathing. Throughout these measurements, we will gradually increase the pacemaker rate step by step. Why does this matter? If a higher pacemaker rate successfully lowers heart pressure, this could offer a simple, drug-free way to improve daily functioning and comfort for thousands of patients with HFpEF, justifying further long-term studies to evaluate effects beyond the immediate changes in heart pressures.

Participants eligible for inclusion in this study must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Voluntary written informed consent of the participant has been obtained prior to any screening procedures 2. At least 18 years of age at the time of signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF) 3. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, defined as one of the below criteria: 1. EF \>= 45% and HFA-PEFF score \>= 5 (Heart Failure Association-Pre-test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide, Functional testing, Final etiology; heart failure association of the European Society of Cardiology and the Heart Failure Association (34)) 2. EF \>= 45% and H2FPEF score \>= 6 (Heavy, Hypertensive, Atrial fibrillation, Pulmonary hypertension, Elder, Filling pressure; Mayo Clinic group (35))) 3. EF \>= 45% and i. History of heart failure hospitalization after pacemaker implantation or ii.On loop-diuretics at time of inclusion 4. Having a DDD-pacemaker with LBB area pacing, implanted at least 12 weeks before iCPET 5. \>=6 weeks on optimal HFpEF therapy (MRA and SGLT2i) at time of iCPET, unless contraindicated or not tolerated 6. Sinus rhythm at time of screening and iCPET Participants eligible for this Study must not meet any of the following criteria: 1. Participant has a history of: 1. Evidence of significant pulmonary comorbidity based on abnormal pulmonary function tests (FEV1 \ 55mmHg estimated by Doppler Echo) 4. Unstable arrhythmias (VT, VF) 5. Recurrent syncopes after pacemaker implantation 6. Permanent atrial fibrillation 7. Amyloid cardiomyopathy 2. Physical inability to perform exercise 3. More than 1 hospitalization for heart failure in the last year 4. Resting heart rate\> 100bpm 5. At time of iCPET or inclusion: decompensated heart failure, unstable coronary syndrome 6. Contraindication to central venous access 1. Severe coagulopathy (e.g., spontaneous INR \> 2, thrombocytopenia \< 50,000/µL) 2. Local infection or skin infection at the insertion site 3. Thrombosis or anatomical abnormalities of the right jugular vein 4. Pneumothorax or contralateral lung pathology 5. Inability to properly position the patient 7. Contraindication to arterial access 1. Thrombosis or occlusion of the target artery 2. Raynaud's phenomenon or other vasospastic disorders 3. Active infection at the intended insertion site 4. Severe coagulopathy (e.g., spontaneous INR \> 2, thrombocytopenia \< 50,000/µL) 5. Insufficient collateral circulation (e.g., inadequate perfusion in an Allen test) 8. Contraindications to CPET 1. ECG signifying myocardial injury 2. ECG signifying current or potentially lethal arrhythmias 3. Systemic hypotension (e.g. systolic blood pressure \< 90 mmHg) 4. Extreme hypertension (e.g. systolic blood pressure \> 220 mmHg) 5. Syncope, presyncope, or lightheadedness 6. SaO2 \< 88% 7. Severely elevated PCWP (\> 40 mmHg) during exercise