Facilitating Lactation Through Optimized Workflows - Evaluating the Efficiency of Pumping Protocols and Cellular Mechanisms of Milk Production

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two different breast pumping protocols in increasing milk production among lactating individuals diagnosed with primary low milk supply, and to investigate the associated molecular, hormonal, and inflammatory mechanisms driving milk output.

Inclusion Criteria: * English-speaking * Lactating parents of singleton, term infants less than 3 months of age * Intend to breastfeed and are breastfeeding (at the breast) at least 3 times per day Exclusion criteria: * Twins and other multiples * Contraindications to or unable to breastfeed * Major congenital anomaly or unexpected surgery * Elevated maternal depression * Low milk transfer * No electricity or smartphone access