Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes

This study aims to establish a cohort of individuals with metabolic syndrome and prediabetes to enable long-term follow-up of risk factors, disease progression, and the development of obesity-related complications. The study will also monitor changes in nutritional status and physical function over time, in order to identify key prognostic determinants influencing clinical outcomes. Metabolic syndrome and prediabetes are chronic multisystem disorders, and poor long-term control is closely associated with the development of various complications. Moreover, malnutrition and functional decline are common comorbid conditions that further impair quality of life and impose a substantial burden on healthcare resources.

Inclusion Criteria 1. Adults aged 18 years or older. 2. Individuals clinically diagnosed by a physician as having metabolic syndrome (meeting at least three of the following five criteria) or prediabetes: (A) Waist circumference: ≥ 90 cm in men or ≥ 80 cm in women, or body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m². (B) Fasting plasma glucose (AC): ≥ 100 mg/dL. (C) Blood pressure: Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg. (D) Triglycerides (TG): ≥ 150 mg/dL. (E) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): \< 40 mg/dL in men or \< 50 mg/dL in women. 3. Individuals meeting the definition of prediabetes, defined as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 5.7% and 6.4%. 4. Participants who are willing to participate in the study and have signed written informed consent. 5. Participants who are able to complete basic physical examinations and assessment procedures. Exclusion Criteria 1. Individuals unable to comprehend the study information or procedures. 2. Individuals unable to comply with the required assessments or study protocols. 3. Any other condition that, in the clinical judgment of the principal investigator, deems the individual unsuitable for participation.