Effect of a Dietary Supplement on Hormones Involved in Appetite Regulation in Overweight and Obese Adults

Obesity is a chronic condition linked to numerous health risks and affects more than one billion people worldwide. While pharmacological treatments such as incretin-based therapies are available, they may have side effects, are not suitable for all patients, and adherence can be limited. Dietary supplements that influence appetite and satiety may represent an alternative or complementary approach. This study will evaluate whether a dietary supplement containing plant extracts stimulates the intestinal incretin response. The primary focus is the effect on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Secondary outcomes include dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and insulin, as well as measures of appetite, satiety, food intake, and anthropometrics. The trial is designed as a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel-group study in adults with overweight or obesity (BMI 25-40, age 18-50). Participants will receive either the dietary supplement or placebo. Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 12 weeks, both fasting and following capsule intake and a standardized liquid meal. Anthropometric measurements and visual analog scales (VAS) for hunger and satiety will also be assessed.

Inclusion Criteria: * Signing the consent form * BMI 25-40 kg/m² * Age 18-50 years Exclusion Criteria: * Known allergy to ingredients in the administered substances * Type 1 or 2 diabetes * Pregnancy * Breastfeeding mothers * Acute infectious disease * Renal insufficiency