The Combined Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and Intermittent Fasting on Hypertension

Hypertension (HT) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and death. Approximately 16.9 million people in Turkey have HT. Nutritional habits play an important role in the development of HT. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and the Mediterranean diet (MD) have been found to be effective in lowering blood pressure and reducing cardiometabolic risks. The DASH diet stands out with its low sodium, saturated fat, simple sugar and cholesterol content, while it is rich in fiber, potassium, magnesium and anti-inflammatory components. The MD is based on healthy foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits, fish and nuts, and contains antioxidants and healthy fatty acids. This study will investigate whether the sodium-restricted MD can offer a model comparable to DASH. In addition, the effects of the intermittent fasting diet (IFD) model alone and in combination with the MD on blood pressure will be examined. It has been observed that IFD reduces blood pressure by reducing energy intake and acting on the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this project is to evaluate the effects of MD, IFD and both of them on hypertension and to present a new and original approach in this field.

Inclusion Criteria: * Newly diagnosed hypertension patients * Individuals with blood pressure \>140/90 mmHg * Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) in the range of 18.5-25 kg/m² * Individuals aged 40-65 years Exclusion Criteria: Participants will be excluded if they have any of the following: * Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus * Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus * Cardiovascular disease * Liver disease * Kidney disease * Gastrointestinal disease * Respiratory disease * Psychiatric disorders * Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding * Severe food allergies * Current smokers or individuals consuming alcohol regularly * History of major surgery within the last 6 months