Association of Coffee With Periodontal Status

A total of 318 patients applying to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University will be included in the study. Based on anamnesis, radiographic examination, and the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, the participants will be categorized into three groups: periodontal health (n=106), gingivitis (n=106), and periodontitis (n=106). Information regarding participants' coffee consumption habits and their daily coffee intake will be collected. Clinical parameters to be measured will include plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. The frequency of coffee consumption will be evaluated as daily, 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week, once per month, twice per month, and once per year. The amount of coffee consumed at a single occasion (cup, glass, mug, etc.) will also be recorded. In caffeinated coffee consumption, the preference for weak, moderate, or strong coffee, as well as consumption with milk, condensed milk, sugar, honey, or sweeteners will be assessed. For Turkish coffee, the consumption pattern will be categorized as unsweetened, moderately sweetened, or sweetened.

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy individuals were between 18 and 65 years Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals were excluded if they had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, were current smokers, had a diagnosis of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, were pregnant, or were breastfeeding.