Minimal Flow Anesthesia and Infection Risk

This study is being done to find out if the heat and moisture that build up during minimal flow anesthesia can lead to the growth of germs (microorganisms) inside the anesthesia equipment. Minimal flow anesthesia (using fresh gas flow of 0.5 liters per minute or less) is known to help protect the lungs and the environment. However, it may also cause water to collect in the equipment, which could allow germs to grow. In this study, we want to see whether this type of anesthesia is safe when it comes to the risk of germs in the equipment.

Inclusion Criteria: A total of 140 voluntary patients will be included in the study. Patients will be aged between 18 and 65 years. Both male and female patients will be enrolled. All patients will be classified as c physical status I or II. Patients will undergo elective surgical procedures. The study will be conducted in the operating rooms of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, affiliated with the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye. \- Exclusion Criteria: Patients who do not consent to participate Patients outside the age range of 18-65 years Patients classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) III, IV, or V Patients scheduled for emergency surgery Patients with uncontrolled hypertension Patients with significant cardiac diseases (e.g., heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease) Patients with significant pulmonary diseases (e.g., Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Restrictive Pulmonary Disease, Asthma) Patients with neuromuscular disorders Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus Patients with metabolic disorders Patients with immunodeficiency Patients with significant anemia Patients with bleeding diathesis Patients with liver and/or kidney diseases History of cardiac surgery History of intracranial surgery History of pulmonary surgery History of head and neck surgery Anticipated difficult airway or difficult intubation Patients with alcohol or drug dependence Pregnant or lactating women Known allergy to anesthetic agents Body mass index (BMI) \> 30 kg/m² Presence of sepsis or active infection Baseline body temperature \< 35°C or \> 38°C Patients who have received antibiotics in the past month Patients with malignancies Withdrawal Criteria Patients who develop hemodynamic instability during the intraoperative period Patients requiring interruption of minimal flow anesthesia for more than 5 minutes Patients whose anesthesia circuit becomes disconnected intraoperatively \-