ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) and Multimodal Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

This clinical study aims to evaluate the effects of multimodal analgesia management administered within an ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol on postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, early complications, and additional opioid requirements in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The key questions addressed are: * Does ERAS-based multimodal analgesia reduce postoperative pain? * Does it shorten the hospital stay and lower early complication rates? * What is its potential to reduce the need for additional opioids? Participants: * Prospective Group: Patients managed with an ERAS multimodal analgesia protocol (including paracetamol, NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs), and local wound infiltration analgesics) between April and July 2025. * Retrospective Group: Patient records from 2024 who were treated with a routine analgesia protocol. BThe study was planned with the actual number of patients who met the selection criteria within the predefined time frames. Consequently, a total of 63 patients were analyzed, with 30 patients in the prospective ERAS group and 33 patients in the retrospective control group.

Inclusion Criteria: * Undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy * Classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class I-II Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with incomplete or insufficient medical records, * Those undergoing concurrent major surgical procedures, * Opioid users, * ASA class III-IV patients, * Those with hemorrhagic diathesis or coagulation disorders, * A history of hypersensitivity to any medication used in this study * Patients with peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding