The Impact of CYP2D6 Polymorphism on Tramadol Pharmacodynamics

CYP2D6 is an enzyme involved in the hepatic metabolism of many clinically important drugs: antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, β-blockers, and analgesics such as tramadol and codeine. CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic and significant interindividual variability has been observed worldwide. This study aims to investigate the distribution of CYP2D6 polymorphisms among post-cesarean female patients in Erbil city, Iraq. The findings of this study may indicate the presence of CYP2D6 gene variants among the Kurdish female population in Erbil, which could contribute to tramadol analgesic failure or exaggerated adverse effects. This study could also serve as a foundation for further pharmacogenetic research, individualizing treatments and targeting a larger sample size in the future.

Inclusion Criteria: * Female patients aged between 18-50 years old * Patients who are indicated to undergo elective cesarean section surgery * Patients that are indicated to receive tramadol drug for postpartum pain management Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with any history of severe renal, liver, respiratory diseases and/or seizures * Patients with history of psychiatric disorders or unable to provide consent * Patients with complicated surgeries or neonatal distress or unable to perform the clinical assessment of pain * Patients with history of consumption of chronic alcohol or opioid or drug abuse * Patients with history of known allergy to tramadol