Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses on Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses on Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort During ESWL

Inclusion Criteria: * being 18 years of age or older, * scheduled for elective ESWL due to renal or ureteral calculi, * being conscious and able to communicate, * voluntarily participated in the study after providing written informed consent, * absence of coagulopathy or bleeding disorders, * having a single radiopaque renal or ureteral calculus measuring ≤ 10 mm in diameter. Exclusion Criteria: * visual or auditory impairments preventing the use of virtual reality glasses, * psychiatric or neurological disorders that could interfere with perception of the intervention, * a diagnosis of epilepsy, * the presence of multiple renal or ureteral calculi, * abdominal arterial aneurysm, urinary diversion or urinary obstruction, * the use of any sedatives or anxiolytics before or during the procedure.