Forearm Immobilization in T2D

The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of short-term forearm immobilization on forearm muscle glucose uptake and amino acid net balance and kinetics in individuals with T2D compared with a control group with normoglycaemia.

Inclusion criteria * Males and females with or without diagnosed type 2 diabetes * Use lifestyle changes, metformin, gliclazide, or a combination thereof as oral glucose-lowering treatments for T2D * Aged 18-80 years at the time of signing informed consent * 18.5 ≥ BMI ≤ 35 kg·m2 Exclusion criteria * Type 1 or a genetic form of diabetes * Any diagnosed cardiovascular (heart) disease or high blood pressure (≥160 mmHg systolic and/or ≥100 mmHg diastolic) * Chronic use of any prescribed or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals (excluding oral contraceptives and contraceptive devices) that interact with muscle substrate metabolism (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) * Consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet * Smoking or chewing tobacco * Known anaemia * Regular use of dietary protein and/or amino acid supplements (\>3 times per week) * Currently involved in a structured progressive resistance training program (\>3 times per week) * A personal or family history of thrombosis (clots) * Any previous motor disorders or inborn errors in muscle and/or lipid metabolism * History of kidney disease * History of liver disease * Pregnant or breastfeeding * History of any drug or alcohol abuse in the past two years * Claustrophobia * Unable to give consent