External Pancreatic Stent in Pancreaticojejunostomy

Pancreatic fistula is one of the most serious complication after pancreatoduodenectomy. To reduce pancreatic fistula, many authors recommend pancreatic stent in pancreatojejunostomy. The purpose of this study is to determine which is the best method in preventing pancreatic fistula and to investigate its long term clinical outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) for various indications (e.g., pancreatic cancer, ampullary cancer, etc.). * Patients with a confirmed soft pancreas texture, as determined intraoperatively by the surgeon. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with a hard or fibrotic pancreas, as determined intraoperatively by the surgeon. * Patients with severe uncontrolled comorbidities (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, severe cardiovascular disease, renal failure). * Pregnancy or lactation.