PDO Based Drug Sensitive Test in R/M HNSCC

To evaluate the consistency of drug efficacy between the clinical systemic treatment and drug sensitive test based on patient-derived organoid in R/M HNSCC patients, using a prospective and multicenter observational study to increase the generalizability and reliability of research conclusion.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pathologically confirmed R/M HNSCC patients * Tumor tissues available for organoid culture * ECOG score: 0-2 points * Life expectancy \> 3 months * Normal major organ function, tolerable to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy: a. Hematology examination criteria must meet: WBC≥4.0×109/L, ANC≥1.5×109/L, PLT≥80×109/L, Hb≥90 g/L (no blood transfusion or blood products within 14 days, no use of G-CSF or other hematopoietic growth factors); b. Biochemical examination must meet the following criteria: serum albumin≥3.0 g/dL (30 g/L), TBIL≤1.5×ULN, ALT, AST≤2.5×ULN, BUN and CRE≤1.5×ULN or endogenous creatinine clearance≥60 ml/min (Cockcroft-Gault formula); c. Good coagulation function: defined as International Normalized Ratio (INR) or Prothrombin Time (PT)≤1.5 times ULN; if the study participant is on anticoagulant therapy, as long as PT is within the intended range of the anticoagulant medication * Able to understand the content of informed consent form, sign the informed consent form, and willing to cooperate with the follow-up Exclusion Criteria: * Metastatic tumors in the head and neck region, or non-HNSCC such as sarcoma, adenocarcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, etc. * Known allergy to the study drugs or their active ingredients or any excipients; or had a severe allergic reaction to other monoclonal antibodies * Pregnant or breastfeeding female patients; or women of childbearing age with positive pregnancy test results (serum or urine) within 7 days before enrollment, or negative results but refusing to use effective contraception during the study period and 2 months after the last administration of study medication; or male patients with partners of childbearing age, refusing to use effective contraception during the study period and 2 months after the last administration of study medication * Severe liver diseases (such as cirrhosis), kidney diseases, respiratory system diseases, hematopoietic system diseases, or endocrine system diseases, uncontrolled diseases * Infected with HIV, active hepatitis B (HBV-DNA≥104 copies/ml) or hepatitis C (hepatitis C antibody positive, and HCR-RNA above the lower limit of detection of the analytical method), uncontrolled diseases * Within 6 months before enrollment, the following conditions occurred: myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina, NYHA class 2 or above heart failure, clinically significant supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias, and symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled diseases * Patients with mental illness or known history of psychiatric drug abuse or drug addiction * Unable to give consent, unable to obtain the required amount of tumor tissue for the study * Other serious physical or mental diseases or laboratory test abnormalities that may increase the risk of participating in the study or interfere with the study results; or any other situation that the researchers deem unsuitable for participation in this study