Establishment of Clinical Prediction Model for Postoperative Symptomatic Spinal Epidural Hematoma

The goal of this observational study is to establish a clinical prediction model based on artificial intelligence algorithms for patients with postoperative symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma(PSSEH) after spinal surgery. The investigators will collect the features of 2000 patients as the training set to train the models using AI algorithms, then recruit a prospective cohort of 2000 patients to test if the trained model is precise and consistent to predict the occurrence of PSSEH as well as to find out whether there is any new risk factor of PSSEH.

Inclusion Criteria: * patients who will receive spinal surgery from January 2025 to December 2026 at Peking University Third Hospital Exclusion Criteria: * patients with a history of lumbar trauma before admission; * patients who suffer from malignant tumor; * patients with systemic infection; * patients who quit the study midway