Feasibility, Effectiveness, and Patient Experience of Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Plus Exercises for Older People With Chronic Low Back Pain

No study has investigated the effects of online ACT on community-dwelling older adults. Given that clinical practice guidelines have recommended exercise therapy for treating people with CLBP, a combination of ACT and exercise therapy may yield better clinical outcomes than exercise alone among community-dwelling older adults with CLBP. A double-blinded (participants and statistician) pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to evaluate the feasibility and the relative effects of online ACT plus back exercise training as compared to exercise alone in improving psychological flexibility, physical well-being, and quality of life of community-dwelling older people with CLBP at different time points. The clinical outcomes will be measured at baseline, immediately after the 4-week treatment, and at the 3- and 6-month post-treatment follow-ups. Further, a qualitative research study will be conducted to understand the experiences of participating in online ACT and back exercise training in older people with CLBP (including identifying facilitators and barriers to participation).

Inclusion Criteria: 1. have non-specific LBP in or near the lumbosacral spine with or without leg pain that lasts for at least 3-months in the last 12 months 2. have sought some medical or healthcare professional treatments for CLBP 3. able to read and write at an adequate level of proficiency in Chinese 4. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores 22 or above Exclusion Criteria: 1. people with malignant pain or lumbar spinal stenosis 2. confirmed dementia 3. severe cognitive impairment 4. serious psychiatric or psychological disorders 5. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores below 22