A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Live and Recorded Music-Based Interventions on Pre-operative Stress, Mood, Pain and Biomarkers, in Neurosurgical Patients (Music-STAR Trial)

The study plans to enroll a total of 132 patients. The goal of this study is to measure pre-and post-music intervention changes in patients' vital signs, serum- and plasma-level biomarkers by broad-spectrum proteomics analysis, metabolic analysis, and perceived pain, anxiety, and mood states as measured by validated questionnaires (STAI-S, POMS-SF, and VASP). We will collect demographic information on each participant. Participants will also complete the Brief Musical Experience Questionnaire (BMEQ) to investigate potential links between susceptibility to music-induced anxiolysis and prior musical training, preference and exposure.

Inclusion Criteria 1\) Patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures will be eligible to enroll in this study. Exclusion Criteria 1. Patient is unable or unwilling to provide informed consent. 2. Patient is deaf or hearing-disabled. 3. Patient is less than 18 years in age. 4. Patient was previously enrolled in the study. 5. Non-English-speaking patients (patient must be fluent in English and not require translation services per MDACC institutional policy. 6. Subjects on contact isolation precautions.