Mindfulness-based Neurofeedback to Augment Psychotherapy for Adults With Borderline Personality Disorder

The purpose of this study is to test the ability of mindfulness-based real time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback (mbNF) to increase the benefits of evidence-based psychotherapy for adults with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

Inclusion criteria: * age 18-60, * be able to provide written informed consent, * meet criteria for BPD on semi-structured clinical interview, * able to plan to keep any prescribed medications and psychotherapy constant during the study * fluent in English. Exclusion criteria: * current DBT psychotherapy outside the study * lifetime primary psychotic disorder * manic episode in the last one year * developmental disorder (e.g. autism) * history of learning disorder * severe substance use disorder in the last 3 months * active suicidal ideation with intent or plan in the past 3 months * history of major medical or neurologic disorder * MRI contraindications, including pregnancy * poor performance on reading task (WRAT \> 11 errors) * newly prescribed medications in the past 8 weeks * daytime sedating medications (e.g. benzodiazepines, opiates, sedating neuroleptics) * any scheduled daily benzodiazepines * change in psychotherapy type or frequency in the past 12 weeks. * At the discretion of the study PI Eligibility will be determined by study personnel.