Cognitive Remediation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Severe Mental Illness (SMI)

Seven per cent of patients suffering from severe mental illness (SMI) need long-term intensive treatment and support in a clinical setting or sheltered living. These service users often experience problems on multiple domains, such as persistent complaints as a result of medication resistance, physical health problems and self-care, psychosocial and cognitive dysfunctioning. Cognitive remediation (CR) training is a type of training aimed at improving thinking abilities (cognitive functioning) and daily functioning. However, we don't yet know if CR training can also help people with SMI who need supported housing due to their severe cognitive and daily living problems. In this project, we are investigating whether we can improve daily functioning in this group by using a form of CR training that focuses on learning new cognitive skills and how to use these new skills in everyday life. Additionally, we are exploring whether combining CR training with mild brain stimulation (transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) can enhance the effects of CR training.

Inclusion Criteria: * A psychiatric disorder that requires care/treatment (no remission of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms); * Severe disabilities in social and/or societal functioning (no functional remission); * Disabilities are the result of a psychiatric disorder; * Disabilities are structural (at least several years); * Coordinated professional care is necessary to realize a treatment plan; * Adults between the age of 18 and 65; * Sufficient written and oral mastery of the Dutch language. Exclusion Criteria: * Having previously received CIRCuiTS; * Metal implants inside the skull or eye; * Severe scalp skin lesions; * A history of previous seizures; * Alcohol or drug abuse.