Biopsychosocial Markers of Addiction in Opioid Users: an Integrated Approach

BEBOP is a prospective, multicenter, national, comparative, non-randomized, open cohort study aiming to characterize opioid use disorder (OUD) severity and psychosocial severity among adults who use opioids, and to identify biological and psychosocial factors associated with OUD severity and its clinical evolution over a 2-year follow-up period.

Inclusion Criteria: * Male, female, or transgender person, age \> 18 years * French speaking subject, able to understand the objectives and risks of the research * Informed signed consent form by the curator (subject under curatorship) / guardian (subject under guardianship), if applicable * Subject who has written "I consent" on the consent form * Subject using psychoactive substances and who attends a low-risk consumption room (SCMR), or a Center for Care, Accompaniment and Prevention in Addictology (CSAPA) * Subject who used one or more illegal opioid drugs or one or more medications (with or without a prescription) at least once in the last 3 months (heroin, buprenorphine, morphine sulfate, methadone, morphine derivatives, oxycontin, oxycodone, oxynorm, Subutex® (Sub), Temgesic®, Suboxone®, Orobupre®, Skenan®, Moscontin®, opium, pethidine, codeine, dinacode, neocodion, codeine efferalgan, Lamaline®, tramadol, durogesic patches, fentanyl...) Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to give the subject informed information (subject with difficulties in understanding) * Subject in an emergency or life-threatening situation * Subject under court protection (upon subject's declaration) * Subject participating in an investigational drug study (upon subject's declaration)