Mixed Reality and Virtual Reality Technology With Mirror Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation

The specific study aims will be: 1. To design and develop the hardware and software of the VR+MT and MR+MT systems. 2. To test the feasibility of the VR+MT and MR+MT systems from the patients and to collect the feedback of users with respect to their experiences. 3. To examine the treatment effects of VR+MT and MR+MT compared to the traditional MT (i.e., control group) in patients with stroke by conducting a randomized controlled trial. 4. To identify who will be the possible good responders to VR+MT and MR+MT based on their baseline motor functions and mental imagery abilities.

Phase Ⅰ: Design and Development of the VR+MT and MR+MT Systems \& Feasibility Study Inclusion Criteria: * diagnosed with unilateral stroke * age of 20 to 80 years * a baseline Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity score of 20 to 60 * able to follow the study instructions and provide the feedback of user experiences verbally Exclusion Criteria: * diagnosed with global or receptive aphasia * the presence of severe neglect * the existence of major medical problems or comorbidities that could interfere with upper-limb usage and pain, or disrupt visual or auditory perception Phase Ⅱ: Validation and Comparison of Clinical Treatment Efficacy Inclusion Criteria: * diagnosed with unilateral stroke * more than 6 months after stroke onset * age of 20 to 80 years * a baseline Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity score of 20 to 60 * able to follow the study instructions * capable of participating in the assessment process and treatment program Exclusion Criteria: * diagnosed with global or receptive aphasia * the presence of severe neglect * the existence of major medical problems or comorbidities that could interfere with upper-limb usage and pain, or disrupt visual or auditory perception