Discontinuation of TyrosIne Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and Impact on the Immune System

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized the management and prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Daily treatment with TKI, which is necessary due to lack of cure, is frequently associated with moderate, chronic and sometimes severe adverse effects. The ability to permanently stop treatment with TKI has thus become a major goal in CML to prevent the occurrence of adverse events, improve quality of life and reduce the general cost of the treatment; we talk about Treatment Free Remission (TFR). It now remains to be demonstrated in a comparative prospective study that a strategy of de-escalation of the TKI treatment dose before treatment discontinuation optimizes TFR results. At the same time, it is possible to reduce adverse reactions and improve the quality of life of patients. In this context, the investigator propose to conduct a randomized clinical trial including CML patients, allowing to compare the results of TFR at 24 months between a sudden stop of treatment after a maintenance phase of dosage for 12 months and a de-escalation arm of dose (dosage reduced by 50%) for 12 months before stopping. A secondary immunological translational objective of this project will be to compare the quantitative and qualitative evolution of innate CD8 T cells between the 2 arms (abrupt cessation of ITK treatment versus progressive withdrawal) and look for a predictive innate CD8 T cells blood signature at the time of stopping treatment of a successful TFR in both arms.

Inclusion Criteria:Patient ≥ 18 year-old.Diagnosis of chronic phase CML according to WHO 2016 criteria with a typical BCR::ABL1 rearrangement (e13a2 or e14a2)Duration of TKI treatment ≥ 3 years and no change of TKI or decrease in dosage in the last 6 months prior to inclusionDeep Molecular Response (DMR) duration ≥ 1 year with at least 3 quantitative RT-PCR results of BCR mRNA::ABL1 available in the 12 months prior to inclusionAbsence of contraindication to the continuation of the same TKI for 12 months at the same dosage according to international recommendations nd the PCR of each TKI:Imatinib (≥ 200 mg/j) Dasatinib (≥ 50 mg/j) Nilotinib (≥ 300 mg/j) Bosutinib (≥ 200 mg/j)Patient not participating in another interventional study for the duration of the interventional studySexually active men should use effective contraception when taking DasatinibHaving an health insuranceHaving signed the consent formExclusion Criteria:Patients with progressive severe pathology of poor prognosis immediately compromising participation in the entire study and/or with uncontrolled chronic pathologyECOG ≥ 3No resistance prior to TKIPatients who have already experienced an attempt of TKI cessationProtected personPregnant women or women of childbearing age without appropriate contraceptive measures