Takotsubo Syndrome and Air Pollution

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute and reversible form of myocardial injury characterized by typical regional wall motion abnormalities in the absence of culprit epicardial coronary artery disease frequently precipitated by significant emotional stress or serious physical illness. The clinical presentation is usually similar to acute myocardial infarction (MI), with chest pain and/or dyspnea, ST-segment elevation or depression and/or T-wave inversion on the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and elevation of serum cardiac troponin. Although previously considered a benign disease, it is now clear that TTS is associated with severe acute complications during the acute phase including hemodynamic and electrical instability and up to 5% of in-hospital mortality.The pathogenetic mechanisms of air pollution are likely to predispose to the occurrence as well as to mediate a worse clinical presentation and outcome of TTS, proving air pollution as a TTS risk factor.

Inclusion Criteria:Age ≥18 years.Diagnosis of TTS.Available data for short-term and/or long-term exposure to air pollutants (see below).Written informed consent to participate.Exclusion Criteria:Age <18 years.Not available data for short-term and/or long-term exposure to air pollutants.