HEPA, PM2.5, and Cardiometabolic Health

The goal of this randomized, double-blind, crossover trial is to test the hypothesis that a longer-term indoor HEPA filtration intervention can improve cardiometabolic profiles by reducing indoor PM2.5 exposures in at-risk individuals.

Inclusion Criteria:Age between 65 and 84 years old;Nonsmoker for at least 1 year;History of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in the past based on EMR information;Either an English or Spanish speaker;Live in the Los Angeles County;Have Wi-Fi installed in residential house.Exclusion Criteria:History of diabetes (both type 1 and type 2) or degenerative disease of the nervous system (Alzheimer's disease or dementia);Currently have active cancer treatment;The residential house has already had HEPA filters;Participants will move out of the current house in the next 2 years;Participants will spend more than one month living outside the primary home;Have any health conditions that prohibit collecting health and covariate data and biospecimen;The residential houses are not feasible for setting up air purifiers and air pollutants monitors;Have high blood glucose from finger stick test (> 200 mg/dL).