Recruitment-to-inflation Ratio to Set Positive End-expiratory Pressure for Laparoscopic/Robotic Surgery: a Multicenter Study

The present investigation is focused to assess the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on respiratory system compliance in obese patients invasive mechanical ventilation for laparoscopic or robotic surgery with pneumoperitoneum

Inclusion Criteria:Adult obese (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2) patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for laparoscopic or robotic surgery with pneumoperitoneum will be enrolled, upon the acquisition of informed consent.Exclusion Criteria:Will be excluded all the patients with the following conditions: american society of anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥ 4; severe cardiopathy, intracranial hypertension, tracheosthomy, previous cardio-thoracic surgery, pulmonary hypertrension, broncho-pleural fistula, pulmonary emphysema, pnumothorax, chronic respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pregnancy.