Skeletal Effects of Type 1 Diabetes on Low-Trauma Fracture Risk

Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) have a higher risk of low-trauma (osteoporotic) fracture that is 7-12 times higher than non-diabetics. The bone density of people with Type 1 Diabetes is higher at the time of fracture than in non-diabetics. This suggests the presence of underlying bone tissue mechanical defects. The potential benefits to participants would be knowledge gained about their bone density and the results of laboratory tests. On a wider scale, there may be general benefits to society because the knowledge gained from this study may help better understand the effects of diabetes on bone health

Inclusion Criteria:Criteria for enrollment of female diabeticsNo chronic disease diagnoses that may affect bone, as confirmed by the PI.Normal clinical history, physical, and clinical laboratory exam (except for usual complications of a 10+-year diabetic, i.e., ~minimal neuropathy or retinopathy, known, but asymptomatic mild vascular disease, etc.)Glomelular Filtration Rate (GFR) >45 ml/min (Renal Association lower limit for "mild" kidney failure).Willingness to sign a consent form.Willingness to undergo a transilial bone biopsy incision that yields 2 bone specimens.No abnormalities in clinical blood chemistry measurements (small, age-related decreases in GFR, will be permitted).CaucasianCriteria for each non-diabetic subject, compared to their matched diabetic:Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures (BMD, gm/cm) must be within +/- 15% in total hip.Body mass index (BMI) must be within +/-10%.Age must be within +/- 5 years.CaucasianExclusion Criteria:Women who have had Type 1 diabetes for less than 10 years.Non-insulin dependent Type 1 diabetic.Less than 50 years old.Less than 5 post menopausal.nd have had diabetes for at least 10 years. -