Efficacy of Lauric Acid, a Dietary Fatty Acid, in Modifying the Latent Reservoir of HIV

Dietary lauric acid supplementation could have a significant impact on the HIV reservoir in antiretroviral-treated patients by inducing HIV viral transcription in latently infected cells and preserving the HIV-specific immune response, without causing toxicity.Design: Pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled, patient-blind study. Patients ≥18 years old with HIV-1 receiving stable ART (no change in ART for at least 6 months) and a serum HIV RNA load of < 50 RNA copies/mL for at least 2 years and with a CD4 T cell count >300 cells/μl will be randomized 1:1:1 to dietary supplementation with placebo (controlled group) or lauric acid 1.5 g once daily (experimental group 1) or with lauric acid 3 g once daily (experimental group 2) for 24 consecutive weeks.Primary objective: To assess the effect of dietary lauric acid supplementation, compared with placebo, on the reactivation of HIV transcription in latently infected CD4 T cells in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

Inclusion Criteria:HIV-1 infected men or women ≥18 years oldNot having interrupted current antiretroviral treatment at least 6 months before the screening visit.Acceptable stable ART regimens prior to screening include 2 more NRTIs: INI or NNRTI or boosted PI.Documented prior evidence of at least 2 years prior to enrollment with a serum HIV RNA load of <50 RNA copies/ml (viral load of >50 copies but <200 is allowed).Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/ml at screening visit.CD4 T cell count > 300 cells/µL at screening visit.A woman may be eligible to enroll and participate in the study if:Not pregnant, not of childbearing potential or physically unable to become pregnantYou are of childbearing potential with a negative pregnancy test at the screening visit and agree to use contraception to prevent pregnancy.Exclusion Criteria:Have suffered any significant acute illness in the last 8 weeks.Having been diagnosed in the past or present with an AIDS-defining illnessPrevious CD4 T cell count <200 cells/μL.Having suffered an infection with Hepatitis B or CHaving any disease or condition that in the investigator's opinion is not appropriate for the patient's participation in the study.