Ultrasound as Diagnostic Tool in Diaphragm Dysfunction

The diaphragm is the main muscle for inspiration and vital for ventilation. Multiple diagnostic modalities can be performed in the work-up of suspected diaphragm dysfunction. Fluoroscopy has traditionally been the method of choice in diagnosing diaphragm paralysis and is still widely used in clinical practice, while alternative non-invasive and accessible methods have been available. Superiority of ultrasound over fluoroscopy for the diagnosis of diaphragm dysfunction has been suggested.The primary objective of this study is to investigate the construct validity of ultrasound in diaphragm paralysis.

Inclusion Criteria:18 years or olderSuspicion of diaphragm dysfunction based on medical history and/or physical examination; as determined by the treating physician.Exclusion Criteria:Inability for fluoroscopy (e.g. severely limited mobility, or unable to follow vocal instructions).Inability for diaphragm imaging (e.g. mechanical ventilation, or unable to follow vocal instructions).Those not able or unwilling to give written informed consent.Pregnant women