The Effects of Medicaid Policy Interventions on Severe Maternal Morbidity

The goal of this study is to learn about the effects of Medicaid policy interventions on severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and mortality and maternal health. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. What is the effect of Medicaid healthcare quality interventions on SMM? 2. What is the effect of Medicaid healthcare quality interventions + doula care? 3. What are Medicaid beneficiaries' experiences in receiving services and the potential impact of integration of doula services? Participants will be asked to describe experiences as a result of Medicaid policy interventions and focused Medicaid policies.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant and postpartum Medicaid beneficiaries across the US Qualitative: * Medicaid beneficiaries who identify as being at risk for poor outcomes or live in PA Health Equity Zones * Doulas who provide care to Medicaid beneficiaries in Pennsylvania * Medicaid Managed Care Organization (MCO) administrators in Pennsylvania. Severe maternal morbidity and mortality outcomes will be assessed in healthcare records and for these quantitative outcomes, patients will not be recruited individually Exclusion Criteria: \-