Brain Stimulation and Meditation for Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and mindfulness for pain after total knee arthroplasty

Inclusion Criteria:elective unilateral knee total replacementmentally capable of reading, giving consent and following instructionsbeing able to answer questions in Englishnot pregnantExclusion Criteria:history of brain surgery, brain tumor, seizure, stroke, or intracranial metal implantationsystemic rheumatic disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and fibromyalgiaalcohol/substance abusecurrent use of sodium channel blockers, calcium channel blockers and NMDS receptor antagonistshospitalization within the preceding year for psychiatric illnessno access to a device with internet access that can be used for secure videoconferencing for real-time remote supervision