Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders

To investigate the impact of rTMS on the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders in patients after after cardiac surgerysurgery. To explore the underlying mechanisms behind the efficacy.

Inclusion Criteria:1. Age 18 years or older.2. ASA class I - III, patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery(coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic or mitral valve surgery).3. No contraindications of MRI examination.4. Sign the informed consent.5. Able to complete follow-up visits.Exclusion Criteria:1. A history of psychopathology and/or taking medication.2. Previous history of neurological disease.3. Severe organic diseases.4. RTMS contraindications (such as a history of epileptic seizures, metal implants near the head).5. Having delirium, assessed by CAM, before surgery.6. Participating in other clinical studies at the time of screening.7. Having uncorrectable movements during the MRI scan.8. Having a cardiopulmonary arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.9. Having short-term second operation.