The Association Between Diabetes Stress, Self-efficacy, Self-management, and Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The aims of this study were to: (1) Investigate the association between perceived diabetes-specific stress, self-efficacy, self-management and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). (2) Explore whether self-efficacy and self-management mediates the relationship between perceived diabetes stress and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). (3) Explore whether self-efficacy and self-management moderated the relationship between perceived diabetes stress and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Inclusion Criteria:The inclusion criteria were having had a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 6 months, screened and referred by a pediatric endocrinology physician, being aged 8~25 years old, and also being able to read or communicate verbally in mandarin Chinese.Exclusion Criteria:Participants diagnosed with cognitive or mental health problems were excluded.