Hemodynamic Response to Pain During Retinopathy Of Prematurity Screening

Study of cerebral hemodynamic changes in preterm infant and the effect of topical anesthetic eye drops ( benoxinate hydrochloride 0.4% ) on PIPP score and cerebral hemodynamic changes during fundus examination in neonates with gestational age ≤ 34 weeks or birth weight ≤ 2.000 Kg regardless their gestational age , after postnatal day 28.

Inclusion Criteria:Preterm infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks or infant with birth weight ≤ 2.000 Kg regardless their gestational age,with postnatal age ≥ 28 days undergoing routine ROP screening.Exclusion Criteria:Patients with any of the following will be excluded at the time of assessment:Evidence of intrauterine infection (TORCH).Chromosomal abnormalities.Major congenital anomalies.Major brain pathology such as Grade 3-4 intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia.